When you want to protect yourself against airborne diseases, the correct use and application of equipment is critical.
It isn’t enough to just ‘don’ (put on) a P2/N95 mask (respirator), protecting yourself hinges on the right P2/N95 mask for you.
What’s the Difference Between Fit Checking and Fit Testing?
- Fit checking – Is a user-performed check to ensure your respirator has an effective seal when it is worn. It involves inhaling and exhaling briefly to sense leaks around the edges.
- Fit testing – is a validated, generally annual, test conducted by an authorised tester to ensure the mask is suitable for your face and provides an adequate seal [1]. Google “P2 fit testing services” for your area.
Why Fit testing matters
- Leakage is the Achilles’ heel – the effectiveness of a P2/N95 mask hinges on the seal – not the filter. Any gaps may allow contaminated air to bypass the mask.
- Fit checking is not enough – self check alone is unreliable
- Risk of infection – improper fit may be implicated in transmission of pathogens during aerosol-generating procedures (e.g. dentals) or use of a high-pressure hose (which should never be used to clean infectious surfaces)
- Regulatory standards – regulatory frameworks such as Workplace Health and Safety expect or mandate fit testing
When should a P2/N95 mask be worn?
When you need to protect yourself from high-risk situations involving potential exposure to infectious respiratory particles (droplets or aerosols) and need to apply ‘Airborne precautions’. Eg;
- during aerosol-generating procedures, such as dentals, suctioning, bronchoscopies;
- when participating in birthing or caesarean sections (includes all staff and owners etc.);
- when investigating abortions or high mortalities in ruminants, companion animals or wildlife;
- when handling ill psittacine birds,
- when handling animals with suspected or known infectious diseases such as Hendra virus, Q Fever, Psittacosis, Highly-pathogenic avian influenza (See iACDC Recommended PPE when working with birds infected with bird flu)
- during necropsies;
- when infectious airborne agents are suspected or you are concerned about aerosol transmission [2-5]
Do you need other PPE?
Protective eyewear should ALWAYS be worn with airborne precautions as aerosolised pathogens may enter through mucous membranes of the eyes (Link for Airborne precautions poster). Other PPE should be risk assessed and may include disposable gloves, apron or long-sleeved gown [6].
When can I NOT wear a P2/N95 mask?
Facial hair prevents a good seal between the mask and the face. A powered-air purifying respirator (PAPR) may be more appropriate when the user has facial hair or must work in hot, humid environments [7].
How can I find out more about protecting myself?
You can get a better understanding of infection prevention and control by completing the first dedicated Veterinary Foundations of Infection Prevention and Control Course through ACIPC. The course is self-directed over 6 months, with tutorials and facilitator support throughout.
Testimonials from the first Veterinary Foundations IPC course
“The content was comprehensive. The resources were excellent.”
“I thoroughly enjoyed learning the theory aspect of IPC, but also how to implement that knowledge to a particular infectious disease or scenario. The discussion questions were a great place to discuss topics, strategies, and share personal experiences and suggestions.”
“This course should be an essential part of CE for all veterinary staff – practical content that provides a keen reminder of the importance of IPC and strategies to implement it in practice.”
The next course will commence 6 March 2026 and there are half scholarships available – can you afford not to enrol?
Do you have other questions?
Contact Angela at angela@thecleanvet.com.au
References
- Workplace Health and Safety Queensland. Fit testing for tight-fitting respirators. 2021 20 December 2021 11 November 2023]..
- Australian Veterinary Association. Guidelines for veterinary personal biosecurity. 2017 May 2017; 3rd:[
- NSW Government, Q fever and veterinary staff NSW Health, Editor. 2024.
- Australasian Infectious Diseases Advisory Panel, Practical infection control guidelines. 2016. p. 1-41.
- Australian Companion Animal Zoonoses Advisory Panel, Companion Animal Zoonoses Guidelines. 2021, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health. p. 95.
- National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare., Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Editor. 2019, National Health and Medical Research Council: Canberra. p. 354.
- Workplace Health and Safety – Work Cover Queensland.Selecting and using PPE in veterinary practice. 2025 18 December 2018 [cited 2028 31 October 2025]; Initially accessed 2018].